Package 'FAO56' reference manual

Title:	Evapotranspiration Based on FAO Penman-Monteith Equation
Description:	Calculation of Evapotranspiration by FAO Penman-Monteith equation based on Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., Smith, M. (1998, ISBN:92-5-104219-5) "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56".
Authors:	Ali Ahani [aut, cre] <[email protected]> , S. Saeid Mousavi Nadoushani [aut] <[email protected]>
Maintainer:	Ali Ahani <[email protected]>
License:	GPL (>= 2)
Version:	1.0
Built:	2024-11-09 03:06:16 UTC
Source:	https://github.com/cran/FAO56

A package for computing the crop evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface by FAO Penman-Monteith equation

Description

FAO56 provides the equations used to calulate the crop evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface by FAO Penman-Monteith equation based on FAO paper No, 56: Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements

Atmospheric Pressure (P)

Description

AtmPres returns the value of atmospheric pressure.

Usage

AtmPres(z)
AtmPres(z)

Arguments

`z`	A numeric scalar that denotes elevation above sea level [m].

Details

This is a function to calculate the atmospheric pressure [kPa] based on the elevation above the sea level.

Value

The function returns the value of the atmospheric pressure as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300(9), D05109.

Examples

AtmPres(z = 1800)

AtmPres(z = 1800)

Clear-Sky Solar Radiation (R_so)

Description

CSSRad returns the value of clear-sky solar radiation.

Usage

CSSRad(a_s = 0.25, b_s = 0.5, elev = NULL, R_a)
CSSRad(a_s = 0.25, b_s = 0.5, elev = NULL, R_a)

Arguments

`a_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes regression constant, expressing the fraction ofextraterrestrial radiation reaching the earth on overcast days (n = 0). The default is `a_s = 0.25`.
`b_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes fraction of extraterrestrial radiation reaching the earth on clear days ( $n = N$ ). The default is `b_s = 0.5`
`elev`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the elevation above the sea level [m].
`R_a`	A numeric scalar that denotes extraterrestrial radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ]

Details

This is a function to calculate the clear-sky solar radiation. The argument elev is needed when the calibrated values of a_s and b_s are not available.

Value

The function returns the value of clear-sky solar radiation as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

CSSRad(a_s = 0.27, b_s = 0.48, R_a = 25.1)
CSSRad(elev = 100, R_a = 25.1)

CSSRad(a_s = 0.27, b_s = 0.48, R_a = 25.1)
CSSRad(elev = 100, R_a = 25.1)

Degree to Radian Converter

Description

DD2Rad converts the value of an angel in the unit degree to the unit radian.

Usage

DD2Rad(phi_deg)
DD2Rad(phi_deg)

Arguments

phi_deg

Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the latitude in terms of degree [degree].

Details

This is a function to convert the degree unit to radian.

Value

The function convert the value of an angel in the unit degree to the unit radian as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

DD2Rad(phi_deg = 60.73)

DD2Rad(phi_deg = 60.73)

Daylight Hours (N)

Description

DH returns the value of daylight hours.

Usage

DH(omega_s)
DH(omega_s)

Arguments

omega_s

A numeric scalar that denotes the sunset hour angle [rad].

Details

This is a function to calculate the daylight hours.

Value

The function returns the value of daylight hours as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

DH(omega_s = 1.527)

DH(omega_s = 1.527)

Inverse Earth-Sun Distance (d_r)

Description

EarSunDis returns the inverse earth-sun distance.

Usage

EarSunDis(date)
EarSunDis(date)

Arguments

date

Optional. A character string that denotes the date in the format "Year-Month-Day" or "Year/Month/Day".

Details

This is a function to calculate the inverse earth-sun distance.

Value

The function returns the value of inverse relative earth-sun distance as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

EarSunDis("2020/08/25")

EarSunDis("2020/08/25")

Effective Monthly Precipitation (P_eff)

Description

EffPrec returns the value of effective precipitation.

Usage

EffPrec(P_tot)
EffPrec(P_tot)

Arguments

P_tot

A numeric scalar that denotes the total monthly precipitation [mm].

Details

This is a function to calculate the effective precipitation [mm]. The function formula has been developed for Iran where the mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm. It may be used for similar semi-arid areas, but it is not recommended for the areas with different climate.

Value

The function returns the value of effective monthly precipitation [mm].

Examples

EffPrec(P_tot = 450)

EffPrec(P_tot = 450)

Crop Evapotranspiration (ET_c)

Description

ET_c returns the value of crop evapotranspiration.

Usage

ET_c(Kc, ETo)
ET_c(Kc, ETo)

Arguments

`Kc`	A numeric scalar that denotes the crop coefficient (Kc).
`ETo`	A numeric scalar that denotes the evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface [mm].

Details

This is a function to calculate the crop evapotranspiration.

Value

The function returns the value of crop evapotranspiration as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

# First example
ET_c(Kc = 0.6, ETo = 0.9)
# Second example
# Computing ET_c of the crop millet planted in Sahiwal, Pakistan
# for a specific day in the initial growth stage
## Loading the relevant Kc dataset
data(Kc_Cereals)
## Latitude in decimal degree
latdeg = 31.685
## Date (2020 June 7)
pdate = "2020-06-07"
## Maximum and minimum temperatures in celsius
temp_max = 38
temp_min = 28
## Actual duration of sunshine and maximum possible duration of sunshine or daylight in hours
actsunshine = 13
maxdaylight = 14
## Elevation above sea level in meter
h = 170
## Wind speed in the height 2m above the ground surface in m/s
ws = 2
##  Evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface (ETo) in mm/day
ET_ref = ETo_FPM(u_2 = ws, e_a = 2.85, T_min = temp_min, T_max = temp_max,
                       phi_deg = latdeg, elev = h, date = pdate, n = actsunshine, N = maxdaylight)
## Crop ET     
CrET = ET_c(Kc = Kc_Cereals$Kc_ini[12], ETo = ET_ref)

# First example
ET_c(Kc = 0.6, ETo = 0.9)
# Second example
# Computing ET_c of the crop millet planted in Sahiwal, Pakistan
# for a specific day in the initial growth stage
## Loading the relevant Kc dataset
data(Kc_Cereals)
## Latitude in decimal degree
latdeg = 31.685
## Date (2020 June 7)
pdate = "2020-06-07"
## Maximum and minimum temperatures in celsius
temp_max = 38
temp_min = 28
## Actual duration of sunshine and maximum possible duration of sunshine or daylight in hours
actsunshine = 13
maxdaylight = 14
## Elevation above sea level in meter
h = 170
## Wind speed in the height 2m above the ground surface in m/s
ws = 2
##  Evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface (ETo) in mm/day
ET_ref = ETo_FPM(u_2 = ws, e_a = 2.85, T_min = temp_min, T_max = temp_max,
                       phi_deg = latdeg, elev = h, date = pdate, n = actsunshine, N = maxdaylight)
## Crop ET     
CrET = ET_c(Kc = Kc_Cereals$Kc_ini[12], ETo = ET_ref)

FAO Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Equation

Description

ETo_FPM returns the value of evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface.

Usage

ETo_FPM(
  Delta = SlpSVPC(T_mean),
  T_mean = (T_min + T_max)/2,
  R_n = NULL,
  G = 0,
  gamma = PsyCon(AtmPres(elev)),
  u_2 = NULL,
  u_z = NULL,
  z = NULL,
  e_s = MSVP(T_max, T_min),
  T_dew = NULL,
  e_a = NULL,
  T_min = NULL,
  T_max = NULL,
  phi_deg = NULL,
  elev = NULL,
  date = NULL,
  n = NULL,
  N = NULL,
  a_s = 0.25,
  b_s = 0.5
)
ETo_FPM(
  Delta = SlpSVPC(T_mean),
  T_mean = (T_min + T_max)/2,
  R_n = NULL,
  G = 0,
  gamma = PsyCon(AtmPres(elev)),
  u_2 = NULL,
  u_z = NULL,
  z = NULL,
  e_s = MSVP(T_max, T_min),
  T_dew = NULL,
  e_a = NULL,
  T_min = NULL,
  T_max = NULL,
  phi_deg = NULL,
  elev = NULL,
  date = NULL,
  n = NULL,
  N = NULL,
  a_s = 0.25,
  b_s = 0.5
)

Arguments

`Delta`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the slope vapour pressure curve [kPa/C].
`T_mean`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the average temperature [C].
`R_n`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the net radiation at the crop surface [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].
`G`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the soil heat flux density [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ]. The default is `G=0`.
`gamma`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the psychrometric constant [kPa/C].
`u_2`	A numeric scalar that denotes the wind speed at the height 2m above the ground surface [m/s].
`u_z`	A numeric scalar that denotes the wind speed at the height `z` above the ground surface [m/s].
`z`	A numeric scalar that denotes the height above the ground surface where the wind speed has been measured [m].
`e_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the saturation vapour pressure [kPa].
`T_dew`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the dew point temperature [C].
`e_a`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the actual vapour pressure [kPa].
`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].
`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].
`phi_deg`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the latitude in terms of degree [degree].
`elev`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the elevation above the sea level [m].
`date`	Optional. A character string that denotes the date in the format "Year-Month-Day" or "Year/Month/Day".
`n`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes actual duration of sunshine [hour]
`N`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes maximum possible duration of sunshine or daylight hours [hour]
`a_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes regression constant, expressing the fraction ofextraterrestrial radiation reaching the earth on overcast days (n = 0). The default is `a_s = 0.25`.
`b_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes fraction of extraterrestrial radiation reaching the earth on clear days ( $n = N$ ). The default is `b_s = 0.5`

Details

This is a function to calculate the evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface (ETo) by using FAO Penman-Monteith equation which is one of the most-widely used equations for this purpose. If Delta is missing, the function uses the argumnet T_mean to compute its value. If T_mean is missing, the function needs T_min and T_max to compute T_mean. If R_n is missing, the arguments phi_deg, date, n, N, elev, T_min, T_max, and e_a must be present. If gamma is missing, the function needs elev to compute gamma. If e_s is missing, the arguments T_min and T_max must be present for computation of e_s. If e_a is missing, one of the arguments T_dew or T_min must be present in order to compute e_a. If T_dew is missing and T_min is present, then T_dew is computed based on the T_min value. If u_2 is missing, the function needs the values of the arguments u_z and z to compute u_2.

Value

The function returns the value of evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

ETo_FPM(u_2 = 2, e_a = 2.85, T_min = 25.6, T_max = 34.8, phi_deg = 13.73,
             elev = 2, date = '2002-04-15', n = 8.5, N = 12.31)

ETo_FPM(u_2 = 2, e_a = 2.85, T_min = 25.6, T_max = 34.8, phi_deg = 13.73,
             elev = 2, date = '2002-04-15', n = 8.5, N = 12.31)

Hargreaves Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Equation

Description

ETo_Hrg returns the value of the evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface.

Usage

ETo_Hrg(T_min, T_max, R_a)
ETo_Hrg(T_min, T_max, R_a)

Arguments

`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].
`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].
`R_a`	A numeric scalar denotes the extraterrestrial radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Details

This is a function to calculate the evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface (ETo) by using Hargreaves equation.

Value

The function returns the value of evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface calculated by Hargreaves equation [mm/day] as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

ETo_Hrg(T_min = 19, T_max = 25, R_a = 32)

ETo_Hrg(T_min = 19, T_max = 25, R_a = 32)

Evapotranspiration based on Pan Evaporation Method

Description

ETo_Pan returns the value of reference evapotranspiration based on the pan evaporation method.

Usage

ETo_Pan(K_p, E_pan)
ETo_Pan(K_p, E_pan)

Arguments

`K_p`	A numeric scalar that denotes the pan coefficient.
`E_pan`	A numeric scalar that denotes the pan evaporation [mm/day].

Details

This is a function to calculate the reference evapotranspiration [mm/day] based on the pan evaporation method.

Value

The function returns the value of the reference evapotranspiration as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

ETo_Pan(K_p = 0.6, E_pan = 5)

ETo_Pan(K_p = 0.6, E_pan = 5)

Extraterrestrial Radiation for Daily Periods (R_a)

Description

ExRad returns the value of extraterrestrial radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Usage

ExRad(d_r, omega_s, phi, delta, G_sc = 0.082)
ExRad(d_r, omega_s, phi, delta, G_sc = 0.082)

Arguments

`d_r`	A numeric scalar that denotes the inverse relative earth-sun distance.
`omega_s`	A numeric scalar that denotes the sunset hour angle [rad].
`phi`	A numeric scalar that denotes the latitude [rad].
`delta`	A numeric scalar that denotes the solar declination [rad].
`G_sc`	A numeric scalar that denotes the solar constant = 0.0820 [ $MJ/(m^2\times min)$ ].

Details

This is a function to calculate the extraterrestrial radiation.

Value

The function returns the value of extraterrestrial radiation as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

ExRad(d_r = 0.985, omega_s = 1.527, phi = -0.35, delta = 0.12)

ExRad(d_r = 0.985, omega_s = 1.527, phi = -0.35, delta = 0.12)

Julian Date

Description

JulDate returns Julian Date.

Usage

JulDate(date)
JulDate(date)

Arguments

date

Optional. A character string that denotes the date in the format "Year-Month-Day" or "Year/Month/Day".

Details

This is a function to calculate Julian Date.

Value

The function returns Julian Date as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

JulDate(date = "2020-06-25")
JulDate(date = "2020/06/25")

JulDate(date = "2020-06-25")
JulDate(date = "2020/06/25")

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Cereals

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the cereals extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 17 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Fibre Crops

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the fibre crops extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 3 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Forages

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the forages extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 15 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Fruit Trees

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the fruit trees extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 21 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Grapes and Berries

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the grapes and berries extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 4 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Legumes

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the legumes extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 13 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Oil Crops

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the oil crops extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 8 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Perennial Vegetables

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the perennial vegetables extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 4 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Roots and Tubers

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the roots and tubers extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 8 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Small Vegetables

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the small vegetables extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 13 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Special Areas

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the special areas extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 2 rows and 3 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Sugar Cane

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the sugar cane extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 1 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Tropical Fruits and Trees

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the tropical fruits and trees extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 12 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Cucumber Family Vegetables

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the cucumber family vegetables extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 7 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Solanum Family Vegetables

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the solanum family vegetables extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 4 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Crop Coefficients (Kc) of Wetlands Temperate Climate

Description

A dataset containing the crop coefficients (Kc) of the wetlands temperate climate extracted from Table 12 in "Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56". It is a source to assign a suitable value to the argument Kc of the function ET_c.

Format

A data frame with 5 rows and 4 variables:

Crop: name of the crop
Kc_ini: the crop coefficient in the growth initial stage
Kc_mid: the crop coefficient in the growth mid-season stage
Kc_end: the crop coefficient in the growth late-season stage

Source

https://www.fao.org/3/x0490E/x0490e00.htm

Mean Relative Humidity (RH_mean)

Description

MeanRH returns the value of mean relative humidity.

Usage

MeanRH(T_min, T_max)
MeanRH(T_min, T_max)

Arguments

`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].
`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].

Details

This is a function to calculate the mean relative humidity.

Value

The function returns the value of the mean relative humidity as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

MeanRH(T_min = 19, T_max = 26)

MeanRH(T_min = 19, T_max = 26)

Mean Daily Air Temperature (T_mean)

Description

MeanTemp returns the value of mean daily air temperature [C].

Usage

MeanTemp(T_min, T_max)
MeanTemp(T_min, T_max)

Arguments

`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].
`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].

Details

This is a function to calculate the mean daily air temperature [C].

Value

The function returns the value of the mean daily air temperature [C] as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

MeanTemp(T_min = 5, T_max = 35)

MeanTemp(T_min = 5, T_max = 35)

Mean Saturation Vapour Pressure (e_s)

Description

MSVP returns the value of mean saturation vapour pressure.

Usage

MSVP(T_max, T_min)
MSVP(T_max, T_min)

Arguments

`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].
`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].

Details

This is a function to calculate the mean saturation vapour pressure [kPa].

Value

The function returns the value of the mean saturation vapour pressure [kPa] as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

MSVP(T_max = 35, T_min = 1)

MSVP(T_max = 35, T_min = 1)

Net Longwave Radiation (R_nl)

Description

NLRad returns the value of net longwave radiation.

Usage

NLRad(T_max, T_min, e_a, R_s, R_so)
NLRad(T_max, T_min, e_a, R_s, R_so)

Arguments

`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].
`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].
`e_a`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the actual vapour pressure [kPa].
`R_s`	A numeric scalar that denotes the incoming solar radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].
`R_so`	A numeric scalar that denotes clear-sky radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Details

This is a function to calculate the net longwave radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Value

The function returns the value of net solar or net shortwave radiation as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

NLRad(T_max = 25.1, T_min = 19.1, e_a = 2.1, R_s = 14.5, R_so = 18.8)

NLRad(T_max = 25.1, T_min = 19.1, e_a = 2.1, R_s = 14.5, R_so = 18.8)

Net Radiation (R_n)

Description

NRad returns the value of net radiation.

Usage

NRad(R_ns, R_nl)
NRad(R_ns, R_nl)

Arguments

`R_ns`	A numeric scalar that denotes net shortwave radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].
`R_nl`	A numeric scalar that denotes net longwave radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Details

This is a function to calculate the net radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Value

The function returns the value of net solar radiation as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

NRad(R_ns = 11.1, R_nl = 3.5)

NRad(R_ns = 11.1, R_nl = 3.5)

Net Shortwave Radiation (R_ns)

Description

NSRad returns the value of net shortwave radiation.

Usage

NSRad(R_s)
NSRad(R_s)

Arguments

R_s

A numeric scalar that denotes the incoming solar radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ].

Details

This is a function to calculate the net shortwave radiation.

Value

The function returns the value of net shortwave radiation as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

NSRad(R_s = 14.5)

NSRad(R_s = 14.5)

Pan Coefficient (K_p)

Description

PanCoef returns the value of Pan Coefficient (K_p).

Usage

PanCoef(u_2, RH_mean, FET, type, fetch)
PanCoef(u_2, RH_mean, FET, type, fetch)

Arguments

`u_2`	A numeric scalar that denotes the wind speed at the height 2m above the ground surface [m/s].
`RH_mean`	A numeric scalar that denotes the mean relative humidity. ( $30\% <= RH_mean <= 84\%$ )
`FET`	A numeric scalar that denotes the fetch, or distance of the identified surface type [m] ( $1m <= FET <= 1000m$ ) (grass or short green agricultural crop for case A, dry crop or bare soil for case B upwind of the evaporation pan)
`type`	A character string that denotes the type of pan and can take the options "Class A" for Class A pan and "Colorado" for Colorado sunken pan.
`fetch`	A character string that denotes the fetch state and can take the options "dry" and "green".

Details

This is a function to calculate the pan coefficient used in the pan evaporation method to calculate the reference evapotranspiration.

Value

The function returns the value of the pan coefficient.

Reference

Examples

PanCoef(u_2 = 2, RH_mean = 50, FET = 3, type = "Class A", fetch = "dry")

PanCoef(u_2 = 2, RH_mean = 50, FET = 3, type = "Class A", fetch = "dry")

Psychrometric Constant (gamma)

Description

PsyCon returns the value of psychrometric constant.

Usage

PsyCon(P, lambda = 2.45, c_p = 1.013 * 10^(-3), eps = 0.622)
PsyCon(P, lambda = 2.45, c_p = 1.013 * 10^(-3), eps = 0.622)

Arguments

`P`	A numeric scalar that denotes the atmospheric pressure [kPa].
`lambda`	A numeric scalar that denotes the latent heat of vaporization, 2.45 [MJ/kg].
`c_p`	A numeric scalar that denotes the specific heat at constant pressure, 1.01310^(-3) [MJ/(kgC).
`eps`	A numeric scalar that denotes the ratio molecular weight of water vapour/dry air = 0.622.

Details

This is a function to calculate the psychrometric constant [kPa/C].

Value

The function returns the value of the psychrometric constant [kPa/C] as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

PsyCon(P = 81.8)

PsyCon(P = 81.8)

Relative Humidity (RH)

Description

RelHum returns the value of relative humidity.

Usage

RelHum(e_a, e0T)
RelHum(e_a, e0T)

Arguments

`e_a`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the actual vapour pressure [kPa].
`e0T`	A numeric scalar that denotes the saturation vapour pressure at a specific air temperature [kPa].

Details

This is a function to calculate the relative humidity.

Value

The function returns the value of the relative humidity as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

RelHum(e_a = 0.7, e0T = 0.9)

RelHum(e_a = 0.7, e0T = 0.9)

Saturation Vapour Pressure at a specific Air Temperature (e0T)

Description

SatVP returns the value of saturation vapour pressure at the air temperature Temp [kPa].

Usage

SatVP(Temp)
SatVP(Temp)

Arguments

Temp

A numeric scalar that denotes the air temperature [C].

Details

This is a function to calculate the saturation vapour pressure at the air temperature Temp [kPa].

Value

The function returns the value of the saturation vapour pressure at the air temperature Temp [kPa] as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

SatVP(Temp = 25)

SatVP(Temp = 25)

Slope of Saturation Vapour Pressure Curve (Delta)

Description

SlpSVPC returns the value of slope of saturation vapour pressure curve at a specific air temperature.

Usage

SlpSVPC(Temp)
SlpSVPC(Temp)

Arguments

Temp

A numeric scalar that denotes the air temperature [C].

Details

This is a function to calculate the slope of saturation vapour pressure curve at the air temperature Temp [kPa/C].

Value

The function returns the value of the slope of saturation vapour pressure curve at air temperature Temp as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

SlpSVPC(Temp = 25)

SlpSVPC(Temp = 25)

Solar Declination (delta)

Description

SolDec returns the solar declination.

Usage

SolDec(date)
SolDec(date)

Arguments

date

Optional. A character string that denotes the date in the format "Year-Month-Day" or "Year/Month/Day".

Details

This is a function to calculate the value of solar declination.

Value

The function returns the value of solar declination as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

SolDec("2020/08/25")

SolDec("2020/08/25")

Solar Radiation (R_s)

Description

SolRad returns the value of solar radiation.

Usage

SolRad(
  n = NULL,
  N = NULL,
  a_s = 0.25,
  b_s = 0.5,
  R_a,
  T_max = NULL,
  T_min = NULL,
  region = NULL
)
SolRad(
  n = NULL,
  N = NULL,
  a_s = 0.25,
  b_s = 0.5,
  R_a,
  T_max = NULL,
  T_min = NULL,
  region = NULL
)

Arguments

`n`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes actual duration of sunshine [hour]
`N`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes maximum possible duration of sunshine or daylight hours [hour]
`a_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes regression constant, expressing the fraction ofextraterrestrial radiation reaching the earth on overcast days (n = 0). The default is `a_s = 0.25`.
`b_s`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes fraction of extraterrestrial radiation reaching the earth on clear days ( $n = N$ ). The default is `b_s = 0.5`
`R_a`	A numeric scalar that denotes extraterrestrial radiation [ $MJ/(m^2\times day)$ ]
`T_max`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily maximum temperature [C].
`T_min`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the daily minimum temperature [C].
`region`	A character string that introduce the type of region and can be assigned "inter" for interior locations and "coast" for coastal locations for Hargreaves radiation formula (alternative)

Details

This is a function to calculate the solar radiation based on the land type. If one of the arguments n or N is missing, the function needs to use the values of the arguments T_min, T_max, and region. If calibrated values of a_s and b_s are available, they can replace the default values.

Value

The function returns the value of solar radiation based as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

SolRad(n = 7.1, N = 10.9, R_a = 25.1)
SolRad(R_a = 25.1, T_max = 30, T_min = 20, region = "inter")

SolRad(n = 7.1, N = 10.9, R_a = 25.1)
SolRad(R_a = 25.1, T_max = 30, T_min = 20, region = "inter")

Sunset Hour Angel (omega_s)

Description

SunHA returns the value of sunset hour angel [rad].

Usage

SunHA(phi, delta)
SunHA(phi, delta)

Arguments

`phi`	A numeric scalar that denotes the latitude [rad].
`delta`	A numeric scalar that denotes the solar declination [rad].

Details

This is a function to calculate the sunset hour angel.

Value

The function returns the value of sunset hour angel as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

SunHA(phi = -0.35, delta = 0.12)

SunHA(phi = -0.35, delta = 0.12)

Wind Speed at the height 2 m Above Ground Surface

Description

WndSp returns the value of wind speed at the height 2 m above the ground surface.

Usage

WndSp2m(u_z, z, speed = NULL)
WndSp2m(u_z, z, speed = NULL)

Arguments

`u_z`	Optional. A numeric scalar that denotes the measured wind speed at z m above ground surface [m/s].
`z`	A numeric scalar that denotes the height of measurement above ground surface [m].
`speed`	Optional. A character string that denotes the wind speed general class and can be assigned `"str"` for strong winds, `"mod2str"` for moderate to strong winds, `"lig2mod"` for light to moderate winds, and `"lig"` for light winds.

Details

This is a function to calculate the wind speed [m/s]. If u_z is missing, the function estimate the wind speed based on wind general or empirical classes.

Value

The function returns the value of the wind speed [m/s] as a numeric scalar.

Reference

Examples

WndSp2m(u_z = 3.2, z = 10)
WndSp2m(speed = "mod2str")

WndSp2m(u_z = 3.2, z = 10)
WndSp2m(speed = "mod2str")

Package 'FAO56'

Help Index

A package for computing the crop evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration rate from the reference surface by FAO Penman-Monteith equation

Description

Atmospheric Pressure (P)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

Clear-Sky Solar Radiation (R_so)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

Degree to Radian Converter

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

Daylight Hours (N)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

Inverse Earth-Sun Distance (d_r)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

Effective Monthly Precipitation (P_eff)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Examples

Crop Evapotranspiration (ET_c)

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

FAO Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Equation

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value

Reference

See Also

Examples

Hargreaves Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Equation

Description

Usage

Arguments

Details

Value